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Human metabolism

Reactome's human metabolism drawn as one network. Each molecule has one home node; widely shared molecules also appear as dashed copies in other territories, linked from their details. .

Territories

Select a territory to bring it forward.

Reading the map

Metabolite; its structure appears as you zoom in
Reaction, arrow toward the product
Cofactors and co-substrates are written beside the reaction when you zoom in
Dashed ring: a copy of a widely shared molecule or cofactor in another territory or pathway
Compartment transfer of the molecule it is linked to
Binding, release or complex event; its proteins are named in its details
Outline: reactions mostly in the mitochondrion

Arrows follow Reactome's curated reaction direction.

Territories and pathways

The map as a reading list: 2,039 reactions across 58 pathways. Every territory, pathway and reaction has a page with its equation, inputs and outputs, catalysts and Reactome sources.

Carbohydrate core

Routes that capture, store, release and repartition six-carbon sugars, with glycolysis as a central exchange rather than an isolated tube.

Sugar branches & glycans

Monosaccharide entry routes and the activated-sugar chemistry used to construct, remodel and recover extracellular-matrix carbohydrates.

Central energy conversion

The mitochondrial and cytosolic interfaces that oxidize carbon, transfer reducing equivalents and couple electron movement to ATP formation.

Metabolic integration

Shuttles, exchange reactions and alternate fuels that connect otherwise separated compartments and pathway neighborhoods.

Fatty-acid flow

Activation, mitochondrial entry, synthesis and staged oxidation of fatty-acid carbon.

Complex lipids

Membrane, storage and signaling-lipid chemistry spanning the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosome and plasma membrane.

Lipid mediators & sterols

Sterol-derived hormones, bile acids and oxygenated polyunsaturated-fatty-acid mediators.

Amino-acid carbon

Amino-acid-specific transformations that connect carbon skeletons to central metabolism while preserving nitrogen handling as a separate question.

Nitrogen, one-carbon & thiols

Nitrogen disposal, one-carbon transfer, sulfur chemistry and redox-buffer synthesis at the amino-acid–nucleotide interface.

Nucleotide economy

Construction, interconversion, salvage and breakdown of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

Vitamins & cofactors

Uptake, activation, transport and assembly of vitamin-derived and inorganic cofactors used throughout the network.

Heme & biological oxidations

Porphyrin synthesis and turnover alongside enzyme systems that functionalize and conjugate endogenous or environmental compounds.

The earlier audited edition of the map is kept unchanged. Its data is on the Downloads page, and its static drawing is available as an SVG file.