Carbohydrate core
Routes that capture, store, release and repartition six-carbon sugars, with glycolysis as a central exchange rather than an isolated tube.
- Guide chapters
- 16
- Metabolic domains
- 12
- Pathway districts
- 58
- Map edition
- human-metabolism-r97-expanded-20261025, 2,039 events
Domain ledger
Sugar branches & glycans
Monosaccharide entry routes and the activated-sugar chemistry used to construct, remodel and recover extracellular-matrix carbohydrates.
Central energy conversion
The mitochondrial and cytosolic interfaces that oxidize carbon, transfer reducing equivalents and couple electron movement to ATP formation.
Metabolic integration
Shuttles, exchange reactions and alternate fuels that connect otherwise separated compartments and pathway neighborhoods.
Fatty-acid flow
Activation, mitochondrial entry, synthesis and staged oxidation of fatty-acid carbon.
Complex lipids
Membrane, storage and signaling-lipid chemistry spanning the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosome and plasma membrane.
Lipid mediators & sterols
Sterol-derived hormones, bile acids and oxygenated polyunsaturated-fatty-acid mediators.
Amino-acid carbon
Amino-acid-specific transformations that connect carbon skeletons to central metabolism while preserving nitrogen handling as a separate question.
Nitrogen, one-carbon & thiols
Nitrogen disposal, one-carbon transfer, sulfur chemistry and redox-buffer synthesis at the amino-acid–nucleotide interface.
Nucleotide economy
Construction, interconversion, salvage and breakdown of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
Vitamins & cofactors
Uptake, activation, transport and assembly of vitamin-derived and inorganic cofactors used throughout the network.
Heme & biological oxidations
Porphyrin synthesis and turnover alongside enzyme systems that functionalize and conjugate endogenous or environmental compounds.
How to read a metabolic atlas
A metabolic map is a projection of a reaction hypergraph: compounds participate in events, and events—not decorative line crossings—create biochemical connections.
Compartments are part of identity
The same chemical name in cytosol, matrix, membrane or organelle lumen represents a different graph instance with different available reactions.
Cofactors as recurring chemical strategies
Vitamin-derived cofactors are best understood by the difficult chemistry they enable across otherwise distant pathways.
Oxalosuccinate: a reaction intermediate, not a free-standing pool
The namesake compound is most useful as a lesson in scale: a net pathway arrow can conceal chemically meaningful enzyme-bound steps.