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Human metabolism

Reactome's human metabolism drawn as one network. Each molecule has one home node; widely shared molecules also appear as dashed copies in other territories, linked from their details. .

Territories

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Metabolite; its structure appears as you zoom in
Reaction, arrow toward the product
Cofactors and co-substrates are written beside the reaction when you zoom in
Dashed ring: a copy of a widely shared molecule or cofactor in another territory or pathway
Compartment transfer of the molecule it is linked to
Binding, release or complex event; its proteins are named in its details
Outline: reactions mostly in the mitochondrion

Arrows follow Reactome's curated reaction direction.

Phenylalanine & tyrosine

Hydroxylation and downstream cleavage chemistry connecting aromatic amino acids to fumarate and acetoacetate. 13 reactions, from Reactome R-HSA-8963691.

IL4I1:FAD oxidises L-Phe to kPPVL-Phe + H2O + O2 → kPPV + H2O2 + NH4+
TAT aminates HPPHPP + L-Glu → L-Tyr + 2OG
ASRGL1 hydrolyses aspartame to L-Asp, L-Phe, MeOHaspartame + H2O → L-Asp + L-Phe + MeOH
PAH:Fe2+ tetramer hydroxylates L-Phe to L-TyrL-Phe + BH4 + O2 → L-Tyr + 4aOH-BH4
q-dihydrobiopterin + NADH + H+ => tetrahydrobiopterin + NAD+qDHB + NADH + H+ → BH4 + NAD+
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin => q-dihydrobiopterin + H2O4aOH-BH4 → qDHB + H2O
TAT deaminates tyrosineL-Tyr + 2OG → HPP + L-Glu
HPD dioxygenates HPPHPP + O2 → HGTA + CO2
HGD dioxygenates homogentisateHGTA + O2 → 4MAA + H+
GSTZ1 isomerizes 4-MAA4MAA → 4FAA
FAH cleaves 4FAA4FAA + H2O → FUMA + ACA + H+
phenylalanine + pyruvate => keto-phenylpyruvate + alanineL-Phe + PYR → L-Ala + kPPV
Unknown enzyme hydrogenates HPPH+ + HPP + NADH → NAD+ + p-hydroxyphenyllactate