AMINO ACIDS

Amino-acid carbon

Amino-acid-specific transformations that connect carbon skeletons to central metabolism while preserving nitrogen handling as a separate question.

Amino-acid carbon on the map

AMINO ACIDS8 pathway backbones

Branched-chain amino acids27 represented events · source Glutamate & glutamine14 represented events · source Phenylalanine & tyrosine13 represented events · source Tryptophan catabolism18 represented events · source Lysine catabolism16 represented events · source Histidine catabolism10 represented events · source Proline catabolism5 represented events · source Threonine catabolism2 represented events · source

These routes occupy a stable territory in the publication map and link to their source records for closer inspection.

Amino-acid catabolism begins by redistributing or removing nitrogen, then channels the remaining carbon skeleton into a smaller set of metabolic entry points. Those products include pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, acetoacetate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate and oxaloacetate.

Branched-chain amino acids share an initial transamination and oxidative-decarboxylation logic but then diverge into chain-specific reactions. Phenylalanine and tyrosine retain aromatic chemistry much longer, while tryptophan follows the chemically diverse kynurenine route.

The familiar labels glucogenic and ketogenic summarize possible carbon destinations; they do not specify a measured whole-body flux. Reaction-level detail is needed to see where cofactors, organelles and irreversible steps constrain each route.

Ideas to carry into the map

Nitrogen handling precedes many carbon-skeleton routes.
Several amino acids converge on a small set of central intermediates.
Glucogenic and ketogenic labels summarize destinations, not flux.

Pathways in this field note

Branched-chain amino acidsR-HSA-70895 · 27 represented events

Mitochondrial catabolism of valine, leucine and isoleucine into acetyl-, acetoacetyl-, propionyl- and succinyl-linked products.

On the map Reactome source

Glutamate & glutamineR-HSA-8964539 · 14 represented events

Interconversion of major amino-nitrogen carriers and their links to 2-oxoglutarate.

On the map Reactome source

Phenylalanine & tyrosineR-HSA-8963691 · 13 represented events

Hydroxylation and downstream cleavage chemistry connecting aromatic amino acids to fumarate and acetoacetate.

On the map Reactome source

Tryptophan catabolismR-HSA-71240 · 18 represented events

Kynurenine-pathway and related reactions that distribute tryptophan carbon and nitrogen among several products.

On the map Reactome source

Lysine catabolismR-HSA-71064 · 16 represented events

Source-linked human lysine catabolism.

On the map Reactome source

Histidine catabolismR-HSA-70921 · 10 represented events

Source-linked human histidine catabolism.

On the map Reactome source

Proline catabolismR-HSA-70688 · 5 represented events

Source-linked human proline catabolism.

On the map Reactome source

Threonine catabolismR-HSA-8849175 · 2 represented events

Source-linked human threonine catabolism.

On the map Reactome source

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