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DraconiticBiochemistryBiomolecules · Catabolism · Biosynthesis · MetabolismMap

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Human metabolism

Reactome's human metabolism drawn as one network. Each molecule has one home node; widely shared molecules also appear as dashed copies in other territories, linked from their details. .

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Metabolite; its structure appears as you zoom in
Reaction, arrow toward the product
Cofactors and co-substrates are written beside the reaction when you zoom in
Dashed ring: a copy of a widely shared molecule or cofactor in another territory or pathway
Compartment transfer of the molecule it is linked to
Binding, release or complex event; its proteins are named in its details
Outline: reactions mostly in the mitochondrion

Arrows follow Reactome's curated reaction direction.

Unknown enzyme(s) process 4-HMA to 4-Hbz

4-HMA → 4-Hbz

Reactome: R-HSA-9856737
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
Rhea: None recorded

Inputs

4-HMACHEBI:17210, C8H7O4, mitochondrial matrix

Outputs

4-HbzCHEBI:17597, C7H6O2, mitochondrial matrix

Catalysed by

carboxy-lyase activity of Unknown carboxylyase [mitochondrial matrix]EC 4.1.1

Literature

Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q Antioxidants (Basel), 2023
The polar oxy-metabolome reveals the 4-hydroxymandelate CoQ10 synthesis pathway Nature, 2021
Lactate dehydrogenase D is a general dehydrogenase for D-2-hydroxyacids and is associated with D-lactic acidosis Nat Commun, 2023
Structure, substrate specificity, and catalytic mechanism of human D-2-HGDH and insights into pathogenicity of disease-associated mutations Cell Discov, 2021
The Mandelate Pathway, an Alternative to the Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Pathway for the Synthesis of Benzenoids in Ascomycete Yeasts Appl Environ Microbiol, 2020
Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: An Update on the Origins of the Benzenoid Ring and Discovery of New Ring Precursors Metabolites, 2021